Madhayi easidhi echinyakare anoreva madhayi anonyungudika nemvura ane mapoka ane acidic muchimiro chedhayi, anowanzo dhayiwa pasi pemamiriro ane acid.
Mhedziso yedhayi dzeasidhi
1. Nhoroondo yedhayi dzeasidhi:
Muna 1868, yekutanga asidhi dhayi triarylmethane asidhi dhayi yakaonekwa, ine simba rakasimba rekudhaya asi isina kusimba;
Muna 1877, yekutanga asidhi dhayi acid tsvuku A yakashandiswa kudhaya mvere yakagadziriswa, uye chimiro chayo chekutanga chakatemwa;
** Makore 0 gare gare, madhayi ane acid ane anthraquinone akagadzirwa, uye machromatograms avo akawedzera uye akazara;
Kusvika parizvino, madhayi ane acid ane mazana emhando dzedhayi, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudhayiwa kwemvere dzemakwai, silika, naironi uye mamwe mafibhi.
2. Hunhu hweasidhi dhayi:
Mapoka ane acidic mudhayi dzeasidhi anowanzo tongwa nemapoka esulfonic acid (-SO3H), anowanikwa pamamorekuru edhayi ari muchimiro chesulfonic acid sodium munyu (-SO3Na), uye mamwe madhayi ane acidic ine carboxylic acid sodium munyu (-COONAa). )boka.
Iyo inoratidzirwa nekunyungudika kwemvura kwakanaka, ruvara rwakajeka, chromatogram yakazara, yakapfava mamorekuru chimiro pane mamwe madhayi, kushaikwa kwenguva yakareba conjugated coherent system mumorekuru wedhayi, uye kushomeka kwedhayi.
3. Maitiro ekuita madhayi ane acid:
Classification yeasidhi dhayi
1. Kupatsanurwa zvinoenderana nemolecular chimiro chemubereki wedhayi:
Azos (60%, wide spectrum) Anthraquinones (20%, kunyanya bhuruu negirinhi) Triarylmethanes (10%, yepepuru, yegirinhi) Heterocycles (10%, tsvuku, girini) pepuru)
2. Kurongwa nepH yekudhaya:
Yakasimba asidhi yekugezera asidhi dhayi: pH 2.5-4 yekudhaya, yakanaka mwenje kukurumidza, asi isina kunyorova kunyorova, inopenya ruvara, yakanaka nhanho;Weak acid bath acid dhayi: pH 4-5 yekudhayira, molecular chimiro chedhayi Chikamu che sulfonic acid mapoka ari pakati chakadzikira zvishoma, saka kunyungudika kwemvura kunowedzera kuipa, kunyorova kwekurapa kuri nani pane iyo yakasimba asidhi yekugezera. madhayi, uye kuenzana kwacho kunowedzera kuipa.Neutral bath acid dhayi: Iyo pH kukosha kwedhayi ndeye 6-7, chikamu che sulfonic acid mapoka mudhayi mamorekuru chimiro chakaderera, kunyungudika kwedhayi kwakadzikira, chiyero hachina kujeka, ruvara haruna kupenya zvakakwana, asi rakanyorova. kutsanya kwakakwirira.
Mitemo ine chekuita nedhayi ane acid
1. Kutsanya kwemavara:
Rudzi rwemicheka runopokana neakasiyana emuviri, kemikari uye biochemical mhedzisiro mukudhaya uye kupedza maitiro kana mukuita kwekushandisa nekushandisa.2. Kudzika kwakajairika:
Mutsara wezviyero zvinozivikanwa zvakadzama zvinotsanangura kudzika kwepakati se 1/1 mwero wakadzika.Mavara ehumwe chiyero chakadzika akaenzana mupfungwa, kuitira kuti kukurumidza kwemavara kunogona kuenzaniswa pahwaro humwe.Parizvino, yakakura kusvika pahupamhi hutanhatu hwakadzika hwakadzika hwe2/1, 1/1, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12 uye 1/25.3. Kudzika kwedhayi:
Inoratidzwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwedhayi kufiber mass (kureva OMF), dhayi kusungirirwa kunosiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana.4. Kuchinja:
Shanduko yemumvuri, kudzika kana kupenya kwemavara emucheka wakadhayiwa mushure meimwe kurapwa, kana mhedzisiro yakasanganiswa yekuchinja uku.5. Stain:
Mushure meimwe nzira yekurapa, ruvara rwemucheka wakadhayiwa unotamirwa kune jira riri pedo, uye jira rekugadzira rakasvibiswa.6. Gray sampu yekadhi yekuongorora discoloration:
Muyedzo yekumhanya kwemavara, iyo yakajairwa grey sampu kadhi rinoshandiswa kuongorora dhigirii rekudzikira kwechinhu chakadhayiwa chinowanzonzi discoloration sampuli kadhi.7. Kadhi re grey rekuongorora tsvina:
Muyedzo yekumhanya kwemavara, iyo yakajairwa grey kadhi remuenzaniso rinoshandiswa kuongorora dhigirii rekusviba kwechinhu chakadhayiwa kune jira rejira rinowanzodaidzwa kunzi staining sampuli kadhi.8. Rudzi rwekutsanya kwemavara:
Zvinoenderana neyeyedzo yekutsanya kwemavara, dhigirii rekushanduka kwemavara akadhayiwa uye dhigirii rekusvibisa kune machira ekutsigira, iwo mavara ekukurumidza zvimiro zvemicheka zvakayerwa.Pamusoro pekumhanya kwechiedza chesere (kunze kweAATCC yakajairwa mwenje wekukurumidza), mamwe ese ari mashanu-level system, iyo yakakwira nhanho, zviri nani kukurumidza.9. Lining jira:
Muchiyedzo chekutsanya kwemavara, kuitira kutonga chiyero chekusvibiswa kwejira rakadhayiwa kune mamwe mafibhi, jira jena risina kuvharwa rinobatwa nemucheka wakadhayiwa.
Chechina, iyo yakajairika ruvara fastness yeasidhi dhayi
1. Kutsanya kuchiedza chezuva:
Iyo inozivikanwawo sekumhanya kwemavara kuchiedza, kugona kweruvara rwemicheka kuramba kuratidzwa kwechiedza chekugadzira, iyo general inspection standard ndeye ISO105 B02;
2. Kumhanya kwemavara pakuwacha (kunyudzwa mumvura):
Kupokana kweruvara rwemicheka kugezeswa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana, akadai ISO105 C01C03E01, nezvimwewo;3. Kutsanya kwemavara pakukwesha:
Kupokana kwemavara emachira kukwiza kunogona kukamurwa kuita yakaoma uye kunyorova kukwesha nekukurumidza.4. Kutsanya kwemavara kumvura ine chlorine:
Iyo inozivikanwawo se chlorine dziva kutsanya, inowanzoitwa nekutevedzera kuunganidzwa kweklorini mumadziva ekushambira.Chiyero cheklorini yakasvibiswa yejira, seyakakodzera zvipfeko zvenaironi zvekushambira, nzira yekuona ndeye ISO105 E03 (inoshanda chlorine content 50ppm);5. Kumhanya kwemavara kusvika padikita:
Kupokana kweruvara rwemachira kudikitira remunhu kunogona kukamurwa kuita asidhi uye alkali dikita kukurumidza zvichienderana neasidhi uye alkalinity yebvunzo ziya.Iro jira rakadhayiwa nedhayi dzeasidhi rinowanzo ongororwa kuti ane alkaline dikita rinomhanya here.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-21-2022